What Do We Think About Climate Change

You're killing me.

 

Well, since Gonzo has already suckered me into blowing my resolution to be non-argumentative and non-confrontational on Memorial Day anyway, I might as well expand on this thought a little.

Obama isn't the first or only president to skip Memorial Day ceremonies at Arlington. George W. Bush didn't attend in 2001 or 2002, and George H.W. Bush missed all four years when he was President. Ronald Reagan also delivered his Memorial Day speeches outside of Arlington on two occasions during his presidency.

Who wants to explain to me why it was OK for Bush, Bush and Reagan to give speeches elsewhere besides Arlington on Memorial Day--but it's offensive and non-patriotic when Obama does it?

Can we say 'double standards,' boys and girls? I knew you could...now let's try 'hypocrites.'

 

Yeah, I heard that too, and he also dismantled the neutron bombs which were a huge deterant to our being attacked. He also said, "no new taxes" so there you have it. Troy and I might see some accord on "Daddy" Bush. Still, he fought to defend us before he screwed up so what do you do? You throw up your shoulders and say "We're screwed no matter what."

 

skepticism in the light of overwhelming data is ignorance

how about something on climate

http://www.uwm.edu/~kswanson/publications/2008GL037022_all.pdf

also this commentary from Realclimate

given that natural variability is often mistakenly presented as what we are seeing now as a reaction of the climate system to alterations in atmospheric chemistry I thought it might clear a few things up for the deniers to have this article and its accompanying paper available for them to peruse next time they confuse variability and radiative forcing

 

Nope. Still not buying it.

 

Boston again did an apples and oranges reply to his own apples and oranges reply, amazing!!!! He is still..................

 

And who are you afraid of now? Who is now threatening the usa? Apart from that belligerent Cuba with ever growing club of sympathisers (oil hungry nations like Russia, China, India, half of the Europe, apologies if I missed anyone, etc.)

Just don't say Chile...There are too many arse lickers here that would eat **** off your shoes if you told them to. And evenly spread through the layers of society, from the richest to the poorest, mind you.



P.S.

Just read some article in La Tercera about how Obama authorised some "experts" to meet Cuban oil rig masters and companies drilling, to discuss the environmental and safety issues!!! To protect the environment!!!

What made Obama do that? I'm guessing 10 billion of barrels capacity suddenly smells like a lot of money. Capitalist droga. Bloody fricken commies,but what's that in their pockets...?

Money...!!!

Hello dear friends!!!

Let's talk biz...environment!

 

Forewarned, forearmed; to be prepared is half the victory.
Miguel de Cervantes

 

Not only in Spain....

Pigmy Basin, Gulf of Mexico.
Reference
Richey, J.N., Poore, R.Z., Flower, B.P. and Quinn, T.M. 2007. 1400 yr multiproxy record of climate variability from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Geology 35: 423-426.

Description
In the words of the authors, "a continuous decadal-scale resolution record of climate variability over the past 1400 years in the northern Gulf of Mexico was constructed from a box core recovered in the Pigmy Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico [27°11.61'N, 91°24.54'W]," based on climate proxies derived from "paired analyses of Mg/Ca and δ18O in the white variety of the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber and relative abundance variations of G. sacculifer in the foraminifer assemblages." This work revealed that "two multi-decadal intervals of sustained high Mg/Ca indicate that Gulf of Mexico sea surface temperatures were as warm or warmer than [our italics] near-modern conditions between 1000 and 1400 yr B.P." From the author's Figure 1 (adapted below), we calculate the peak warmth during this time to have been about 1.5°C warmer than present-day temperatures.


Polar Ural Mountains, Russia
Reference
Mazepa, V.S. 2005. Stand density in the last millennium at the upper tree-line ecotone in the Polar Ural Mountains. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 2082-2091.

Description
Over the period 1999-2001, the author examined evidence related to historical tree growth dynamics along a continuous altitudinal transect 860 meters long and 40-80 meters wide on the eastern slope of the Polar Ural Mountains (66°48'57"N, 65°34'09"E). This work revealed that "a large number of well-preserved tree remains can be found up to 60-80 meters above the current tree line, some dating to as early as a maximum of 1300 years ago," and that "the earliest distinct maximum in stand density occurred in the 11th to 13th centuries, coincident with Medieval climatic warming." Since Marzepa cites many studies that conclude that "increases in tree-line elevation, and associated increases in tree abundance within the transient tree-line ecotone, are associated with extended warm periods," and that "the vertical gradient of summer air temperature in the Polar Urals is 0.7°C/100 m," we conclude that the Medieval Warm Period lasted from approximately AD 700 to 1300 and that significant portions of it were as much as 0.56°C warmer than the Current Warm Period.


Eastern China
Reference
Ge, Q., Zheng, J., Fang, X., Man, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, P. and Wang, W.-C. 2003. Winter half-year temperature reconstruction for the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze River, China, during the past 2000 years. The Holocene 13: 933-940.

Description
Working with 200 different sets of phenological and meteorological records extracted from a number of historical sources, Ge et al. produced a 2000-year history of winter half-year temperature (October to April) for the region of China bounded by latitudes 27 and 40°N and longitudes 107 and 120°E. This effort revealed that following the Dark Ages Cold Period, "temperature entered a warm epoch from the AD 570s to 1310s," when peak warmth "was about 0.3-0.6°C higher than present for 30-year periods, but over 0.9°C warmer on a 10-year basis," after which the cooling that led to the Little Ice Age commenced. Most recently, Ge et al. report that "temperature has been rising rapidly during the twentieth century, especially for the period 1981-99." However, they find that the current mean temperature is only "0.5°C higher than for 1951-80." Hence, it can be appreciated that for the big chunk of China Ge et al. studied, the 10-year-mean peak MWP warmth was approximately 0.4°C higher than today's peak warmth.


New Zealand Cave
Reference
Wilson, A.T., Hendy, C.H. and Reynolds, C.P. 1979. Short-term climate change and New Zealand temperatures during the last millennium. Nature 279: 315-317.

Description
Temperatures derived from an 18O/16O profile through a stalagmite found in a New Zealand cave (40.67°S, 172.43°E) revealed the Medieval Warm Period to have occurred between AD 1050 and 1400 and to have been 0.75°C warmer than the Current Warm Period.


Cold Air Cave, Makapansgat Valley, South Africa
Reference
Holmgren, K., Tyson, P.D., Moberg, A. and Svanered, O. 2001. A preliminary 3000-year regional temperature reconstruction for South Africa. South African Journal of Science 97: 49-51.

Description
Maximum annual air temperatures in the vicinity of Cold Air Cave (24°1'S, 29°11'E) in the Makapansgat Valley of South Africa were inferred from a relationship between color variations in banded growth-layer laminations of a well-dated stalagmite and the air temperature of a surrounding 49-station climatological network developed over the period 1981-1995, as well as a quasi-decadal-resolution record of oxygen and carbon stable isotopes (MWP: AD 800-1100): Peak warmth of the Medieval Warm Period was as much as 2.5°C warmer than the Current Warm Period (AD 1961-1990 mean).


Eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula
Reference
Khim, B.-K., Yoon, H.I., Kang, C.Y. and Bahk, J.J. 2002. Unstable climate oscillations during the Late Holocene in the Eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula. Quaternary Research 58: 234-245.

Description
General climatic features were inferred from a study of the grain size, total organic carbon content, biogenic silica content and, most importantly, magnetic susceptibility of 210Pb- and 14C-dated sediments retrieved from the eastern Bransfield Basin (61°58.9'S, 55°57.4'W) just off the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Most of the Medieval Warm Period (AD 1050-1550) was warmer than the Current Warm Period.


Cariaco Basin off the Venezuelan Coast
Reference
Goni, M.A., Woodworth, M.P., Aceves, H.L., Thunell, R.C., Tappa, E., Black, D., Muller-Karger, F., Astor, Y. and Varela, R. 2004. Generation, transport, and preservation of the alkenone-based U37K' sea surface temperature index in the water column and sediments of the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela). Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18: 10.1029/2003GB002132.

Description
Based on the degree of unsaturation of certain long-chain alkenones synthesized by haptophyte algae contained in a sediment core retrieved from the eastern sub-basin of the Cariaco Basin (10°30'N, 64°40'W) on the continental shelf off the Venezuelan central coast, Goni et al. determined that the highest sea surface temperatures at that location over the past 6000 years "were measured during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP)," which they identified as occurring between AD 800 and 1400. From the graph of their results reconstructed below, it is further evident that peak MWP temperatures were approximately 0.35°C warmer than peak Current Warm Period temperatures, and that they were fully 0.95°C warmer than the mean temperature of the last few years of the 20th century.



Laguna Aculeo, Central Chile
Reference
von Gunten, L., Grosjean, M., Rein, B., Urrutia, R. and Appleby, P. 2009. A quantitative high-resolution summer temperature reconstruction based on sedimentary pigments from Laguna Aculeo, central Chile, back to AD 850. The Holocene 19: 873-881.

Description
Von Gunten et al. developed a continuous high-resolution (1-3 years sampling interval, 5-year filtered reconstruction) austral summer (December to February) temperature reconstruction based on chloropigments derived from algae and phototrophic bacteria found in sediment cores retrieved from Central Chile's Laguna Aculeo (33°50'S, 70°54'W) in 2005 that extended back in time to AD 850. This work provided, in their words, "quantitative evidence for the presence of a Medieval Climate Anomaly (in this case, warm summers between AD 1150 and 1350; ΔT = +0.27 to +0.37°C with respect to (wrt) twentieth century) and a very cool period synchronous to the 'Little Ice Age' starting with a sharp drop between AD 1350 and AD 1400 (-0.3°C/10 years, decadal trend) followed by constantly cool (ΔT = -0.70 to -0.90°C wrt twentieth century) summers until AD 1750." Looking at the graph of their data, the peak warmth of the Current Warm Period (CWP) occurred in the late 1940s. Since that time, temperatures have declined and then risen, but not to the level of warmth experienced earlier in the century. Peak warmth of the MWP is about 0.5°C higher than that recorded for the past two decades of the 20th century, which latter period is claimed by the world's climate alarmists to have been the warmest of the past thousand or more years. Hence, it is this latter period to which we compare the peak warmth of the MWP.

Spannagel Cave, Central Alps, Austria
Reference
Mangini, A., Verdes, P., Spotl, C., Scholz, D., Vollweiler, N. and Kromer, B. 2007. Persistent influence of the North Atlantic hydrography on central European winter temperature during the last 9000 years. Geophysical Research Letters 34: 10.1029/2006GL028600.

Description
Based on an analysis of δ18O data obtained from three stalagmites (SPA 12, SPA 128, SPA 70) found within Austria's Spannagel Cave (47.09°N, 11.67°E), Mangini et al. (2007) developed what they demonstrated to be a regional δ18O history covering the last 9000 years; and applying the calibration curve derived for SPA 12 by Manginni et al. (2005) to the new δ18O curve, it can readily be determined that the peak temperature of the Medieval Warm Period (AD 800-1300) was approximately 1.5°C higher than the peak temperature of the Current Warm Period.


(There are several hundreds additional studies showing a warmer than present MWP around the globe. Shall I post all of them here?)

 

On the 60 years cycle:

"A significant feature of climate changes since AD 1700 is the existence of powerful subcenturial +/- 60 yr quasi-periodic oscillations both in the Northern Hemisphere and World Ocean temperature time series (Moberg et al., 2005; Parker et al., 1995). As it has been already pointed out in some studies these variations are well associated with the supercenturial tendency of the general solar activity upward and reflect on the increasing of the total electromagnetic solar irradiance (de Jaeger and Usoskin, 2006; Komitov, 2009 (Paper I)). These studies include the periods AD 1610-1979 and AD 1856-1995, respectively.

The coefficient of correlation is 0.78 for Northern Hemisphere temperatures and 0.88 for the World Ocean."

The temperature variations caused by cycles with sub-centurial duration (mainly 60-65 years) in the Northern Hemisphere and in the World Ocean surface fall into the range of 0.35 to 0.40 K.

The "Sun – climate" relationship I. The sunspots and the climate.
The "Sun - climate" relationship II. The "cosmogenic" beryllium and the middle latitude aurora.
Boris Komitov
Institute of Astronomy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
72 Tsarigradsko Shousse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
(Research report. Accepted on 26.05.2009)

 

From Boris Komitov's The "Sun–climate" relationship III. Solar eruptions, north-south sunspot area asymmetry and earth climate
(Research report. Accepted on 12.12.2009)


Introduction
"According the most perceived point of view the ”Sun–climate” relationship
during the present postglacial era (Holocene, the historical time scale) is realized
predominantly by the total solar irradiance (TSI) variations (Solanki,
2002; de Jaeger & Usoskin, 2006). The TSI–index is well known since AD
1978 on the base of satellite observations (Frohlich et al, 1997; Pap et al.,
2003). The last one has corresponded well to the overall sunspot activity
(the International Wolf’s number Ri and the Group sunspot number (GSN
or Rh)since AD 1610(Lean et al., 1995; Lean, 2000, 2004; Krivova, 2007).
There are also a significant number of theoretical (numerical), mixed type
(statistical + theoretical) or ”pure” statistical studies in which the relationship
”sunspot activity −− > solar magnetic flux −− > TSI” is investigated
(Lean et al, 2000; Solanki et al., 2002; Krivova et al., 2007 etc.).
On the other hand there are evidences that an additional mechanism of
indirect Sun’s forcing over the climate due to the modulation of galactic cosmic
rays (GCR) by the solar wind exists. The first works in this field are
by the middle of 1970s (Dickinson, 1975). The aerosols and clouds production
rates forced in the lower atmosphere by the GCR-flux increasing during
the sunspots minima epochs is discussed by Svensmark & Friiz-Christiensen
(1997) and Yu (2002). There are also some interesting results of the work
by Tinsley (2000), concerning the GCR-flux influence over the atmospheric
electricity and circulation.
It has been marked by many authors that the ”overall sunspot activity
−− > TSI −− > climate” relationship is far not enough to explain the real
climate dynamics during the last 400 years since AD 1610. As it is pointed
out by Thompson (1997) only 25% of the global warming effect after AD 1850
could be explained by the TSI increasing during the this time. Additional
factors should be searched to explain the remaining 75%. Especially after
AD 1975/80 there is a total divergence between the TSI and the global temperature
changes (Solanki, 2002; Usoskin et al., 2005; Lockwood & Frohlich,
2007). This phenomena could not be explained satisfactory even if the GCRflux
is taken additionaly into account. That is why for the last 30-35 years
by the opinion of many researchers the human activity is the factor, which
play the dominant role for the climate changes.
In Paper I it has been shown that the residual variations to the regressional
models ”sunspot activity – temperature data” both for the Northern
hemisphere (AD 1610-1979) (Moberg et al., 2005) and for the World Ocean
(1856-1995) (Parker et al., 1995) are far not occasional. There are well expressed
cyclic oscillations in the quasi-centurial and subcenturial range. The
spectra of the last ones is more complicated in the Northern hemisphere
”residual” data series (powerful cycles by duration of 54-67 years (doublet)
and 120-130 years), while in the World Ocean one there is only a strong cyclic
58-63-year oscillation (doublet) as well as essentially weaker trace of 88-year
one. It has been summarized finally in Paper I that there is powerful quasi-60-
year climatic cycle in the modern epoch. The last one plays a very important
role in the climate , causing few waves of cooling and warming since the end
of Maunder minimum. They are superimposed over the general regressional
relationship ”sunspot activity–temperature data” during this time. It has
been also shown in Paper I that the climate warming epoch after AD 1975
up to 2005-2006 well correspond to the serial upward phase of this 60 years
cycle.
In Paper II it has been found that a very powerful quasi-60-year cycle
exists both in the middle latitude aurora (MLA) (Krivsky and Pejml, 1988)
as well as in the ”Greenland” 10Be data series (Beer et al., 1990, 1998).
It has been shown that there is a very good time coincidence between the
corresponding 60-year cycle extremums in the both series. The local 60-year
cycle maximums in the MLA and 10Be series during the last 300 years since
AD 1700 correspond to subcenturial temperature minimums. They are well
expressed in the both studied temperature series, but essentially better in
the World Ocean ones.
The MLA events occur in the upper Earth atmosphere and by this reason
they are strongly independent from the troposphere processes and the
climate. Their primary sources are active events such as the coronal mass ejections
(CME). Consequently, this is related to the 60-year cycle in this series
too. Due to this fact it has been concluded in Paper II that: (1) The quasi-60-
year 10Be cycle is mostly probably of solar origin and it is caused by an yield
of solar high energetic protons E > 100MeV in the total production rate of
this ”cosmogenic” isotope in the stratosphere; (2) The quasi-60-year climate
cycle is caused by the same one high energetic solar corpuscular events; (3)
The increasing of the solar high energy particles (probably mainly protons)
fluxes lead to the same effects in Earth atmosphere such as the galactic cos
mic rays with the same energies, i.e. an increasing of the aerosols production
rate and cloudness and as a final effect – to a climate cooling.
The aim of this last Paper III is to make a more detailed analysis and to
give additional arguments for the important role of eruptive solar processes
as a climate forcing factor. It is given a strong evidence that the north-south
asymmetry of the eruptive events plays a very important role. It is demonstrated
that the total ”Sun–climate” relationship is much more complicated
as it is follows if only the TSI and GCR flux changes are taken into account.
However, it account fits much better the real observed climate variations both
in the present and in the past."

 

Heaven wheels above you, displaying to you her eternal glories, and still your eyes are on the ground.
Dante Alighieri

 

So true for succesful boatbuilding.

Daniel

 

Yes if you could please post all 150 that would be nice, also if you would please note that its not that climate doesn't vary, climate scientists are well aware that climate is variable. The point is that the rate of change recently in temperature co2 and methane has increased at an unprecedented rate than that found in past climate reconstructions.
A point that you have conveniently tried to ignore again and again, while trying to confuse our readers as to what the issues actually are


so once again in case anyone missed it "its the rate of change that is the concern not the idea that change takes place"