Ocean News

Quote
Many artists and writers have their own special way of expressing their feelings about recycling and our planet, which some people say is a uniquely endangered species. Leave it to the funny guys over at 9GAG to illustrate this in a satirical comic featuring the Earth, the moon, and Mars. It’s about a disease the Earth has which is called “humans.” The is funny and will definitely give you a giggle, but the underlying message is very serious. http://www.bitrebels.com/design/a-disease-called-humans-a-creative-comic-about-the-earth/

 

Quote
How do we know that changes in the sun aren’t to blame for current global warming trends?

http://climate.nasa.gov/causes/

Since 1978, a series of satellite instruments have measured the energy output of the sun directly. The satellite data show a very slight drop in solar irradiance (which is a measure of the amount of energy the sun gives off) over this time period. So the sun doesn't appear to be responsible for the warming trend observed over the past 30 years.

Longer-term estimates of solar irradiance have been made using sunspot records and other so-called “proxy indicators,” such as the amount of carbon in tree rings. The most recent analyses of these proxies indicate that solar irradiance changes cannot plausibly account for more than 10 percent of the 20th century’s warming

•Water vapor. The most abundant greenhouse gas, but importantly, it acts as a feedback to the climate. Water vapor increases as the Earth's atmosphere warms, but so does the possibility of clouds and precipitation, making these some of the most important feedback mechanisms to the greenhouse effect.

•Carbon dioxide (CO2). A minor but very important component of the atmosphere, carbon dioxide is released through natural processes such as respiration and volcano eruptions and through human activities such as deforestation, land use changes, and burning fossil fuels. Humans have increased atmospheric CO2 concentration by a third since the Industrial Revolution began. This is the most important long-lived "forcing" of climate change.

•Methane. A hydrocarbon gas produced both through natural sources and human activities, including the decomposition of wastes in landfills, agriculture, and especially rice cultivation, as well as ruminant digestion and manure management associated with domestic livestock. On a molecule-for-molecule basis, methane is a far more active greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, but also one which is much less abundant in the atmosphere.

•Nitrous oxide. A powerful greenhouse gas produced by soil cultivation practices, especially the use of commercial and organic fertilizers, fossil fuel combustion, nitric acid production, and biomass burning.

•Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Synthetic compounds entirely of industrial origin used in a number of applications, but now largely regulated in production and release to the atmosphere by international agreement for their ability to contribute to destruction of the ozone layer. They are also greenhouse gases

Too much greenhouse effect: The atmosphere of Venus, like Mars, is nearly all carbon dioxide. But Venus has about 300 times as much carbon dioxide in its atmosphere as Earth and Mars do, producing a runaway greenhouse effect and a surface temperature hot enough to melt lead
The role of human activity


In its Fourth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a group of 1,300 independent scientific experts from countries all over the world under the auspices of the United Nations, concluded there's a more than 90 percent probability that human activities over the past 250 years have warmed our planet.

The industrial activities that our modern civilization depends upon have raised atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 280 parts per million to 400 parts per million in the last 150 years. The panel also concluded there's a better than 90 percent probability that human-produced greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have caused much of the observed increase in Earth's temperatures over the past 50 years.

They said the rate of increase in global warming due to these gases is very likely to be unprecedented within the past 10,000 years or more. The panel's full Summary for Policymakers report is online at http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf.

several lines of evidence show that current global warming cannot be explained by changes in energy from the sun:

•Since 1750, the average amount of energy coming from the sun either remained constant or increased slightly.
•If the warming were caused by a more active sun, then scientists would expect to see warmer temperatures in all layers of the atmosphere. Instead, they have observed a cooling in the upper atmosphere, and a warming at the surface and in the lower parts of the atmosphere. That's because greenhouse gasses are trapping heat in the lower atmosphere.
•Climate models that include solar irradiance changes can’t reproduce the observed temperature trend over the past century or more without including a rise in greenhouse gases.

 

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-007-9048-9
Thousand-Year Cycle Signals in Solar Activity

L. H. Ma

Abstract

Long-term variations of solar activity closely relate to terrestrial phenomena. More and more people attach importance to studies of long-term fluctuations of solar variation. However, because direct observations of solar activity are available only for the past four centuries, such studies are few. In this work, using the wavelet technique, the author investigates long-term fluctuations of reconstructed sunspot number series covering the past 11?400 years, with emphasis on the thousand-year cycle signals of solar variation. The results show a thousand-year cycle in solar activity.

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-007-9048-9
__________________________________________________________________________

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/06/020607073439.htm

100,000-Year Climate Pattern Linked To Sun's Magnetic Cycles

"HANOVER, N.H. – Thanks to new calculations by a Dartmouth geochemist, scientists are now looking at the earth's climate history in a new light. Mukul Sharma, Assistant Professor of Earth Sciences at Dartmouth, examined existing sets of geophysical data and noticed something remarkable: the sun's magnetic activity is varying in 100,000-year cycles, a much longer time span than previously thought, and this solar activity, in turn, may likely cause the 100,000-year climate cycles on earth. This research helps scientists understand past climate trends and prepare for future ones.

Published in the June 10 issue of Earth and Planetary Science Letters (Elsevier, volume 199, issues 3-4),"

 

CO2 can't explain the CURRENT miniscule warming. Temperature isn't following CO2

 

Remember, a few posts back, I asked had we learned anything about the solar wind since 1997.

http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast15feb_1/

The Sun Does a Flip
NASA scientists who monitor the Sun say that our star's awesome magnetic field is flipping -- a sure sign that solar maximum is here.
NASA
Marshall Space Flight Center
February 15, 2001

http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/05aug_fieldflip/

The Sun's Magnetic Field is about to Flip
August 5, 2013:
__________________

"The ongoing changes are not confined to the space immediately around our star, Hathaway added. The Sun's magnetic field envelops the entire solar system in a bubble that scientists call the "heliosphere." The heliosphere extends 50 to 100 astronomical units (AU) beyond the orbit of Pluto. Inside it is the solar system -- outside is interstellar space.

"Changes in the Sun's magnetic field are carried outward through the heliosphere by the solar wind," explains Steve Suess, another solar physicist at the Marshall Space Flight Center. "It takes about a year for disturbances to propagate all the way from the Sun to the outer bounds of the heliosphere."

 

http://istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/earthmag/sunspots.htm

11. The Sun's Magnetic Cycle

Index

7. 1600-1820

8. Oersted & Ampére

9. The Lodestone

10. Gauss

11. The Magnetic Sun

12. Fluid Dynamos

13. Dynamo in the
Earth's Core

14. Magnetometers and
Tobacco Smoking

15. Magnetic Reversals
& Moving Continents

16. The Magnetosphere

17. Magnetic Planets

During the time when Gauss was studying the Earth's magnetic field, elsewhere in Germany a serious amateur astronomer named Heinrich Schwabe (Shwah-bay), a pharmacist by trade, was searching for a new unknown planet. That planet, tentatively named "Vulcan," was expected to be inside the orbit of Mercury, so close to the Sun that its presence became evident only when it passed between us and the Sun, a dark spot crawling across the solar disk. However, the Sun also had dark "sunspots" of its own, and to tell these apart from a new planet, Schwabe kept track of them as well.

Variation of the observed "sunspot number"
Vulcan doesn't exist--it was never seen in any total eclipse. However, after a decade and more of diligent observations, Schwabe found something that had eluded all astronomers of the preceding two centuries--since sunspots were first reported by Galileo and Christopher Scheiner. He found that the number of sunspots rose and fell in a nearly regular cycle, lasting about 11 years. Interestingly, it soon turned out that big "magnetic storms" when the magnetic field was disturbed (typically by up to 1%) seemed to occur most frequently during the years with the most sunspots.


What were sunspots? Galileo had guessed they were clouds floating in the Sun's atmosphere, obscuring some of its light. Their true nature only emerged in 1908 when George Elery Hale, leader among US astronomers, showed that they were intensely magnetic. Their magnetic field was as strong as that of a small iron magnet, some 3000 times stronger than the field near the surface of the Earth--yet those fields often extended over areas larger than the entire surface of the Earth. Apparently the magnetic field somehow slowed down the flow of heat from the Sun's interior, causing the sunspots to be slightly darker than the rest of the Sun.

The evidence for sunspot magnetism was their emitted light. Glowing gases emit light in narrowly defined wavelengths (i.e. colors), a different set for each substance. In 1897, however, Pieter Zeeman found that when such light was emitted from the region of a strong magnetic field, the emission split into slightly different wavelengths, with a separation that increased with the strength of the field. The colors of the light emitted from sunspots were "split up" in just this way.

The method was later improved by Babcock and others, allowing astronomers to observe not only the magnetic field of sunspots but also the weak fields near the Sun's poles. It turned out that the Sun has a polar field somewhat like the Earth's, but that it reverses its polarity during each 11-year cycle.

Sunspots have also led us to a better understanding of the Earth's own magnetic field. The face of the Sun consists of ionized hot gas ("plasma"), hot enough to conduct electricity. Sunspot fields were evidently produced by electric currents, and it was well known that such currents could be generated by a "dynamo process," by the motion of an electric conductor (e.g. the flow of solar plasma) through a magnetic field.

In 1919 Sir Joseph Larmor proposed that the fields of sunspots were due to such dynamo currents. He suggested that a closed chain of cause-and-effect existed, in which the field created by these currents was also the field which made them possible, the field in which the plasma's motion generated the required currents. Many features of sunspots remain a mystery, but Larmor's idea opened an era of new understanding of magnetic processes in the Earth's core.
____________________________________________________________________________
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/10/earth-magnetic-field-explained_n_4073959.html
Earth's Shifting Magnetic Field Linked To Planet's Changing Core

Copyright 2013 SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Go to the URL
_____________________________________________________________________________


Earth's Magnetic Field Is Weakening 10 Times Faster Now
by Kelly Dickerson, Staff Writer | July 08, 2014 11:29am ET

"[Pin It] Changes measured by the Swarm satellite over the past 6 months shows that Earth's magnetic field is changing. Shades of red show areas where it is strengthening, and shades of blue show areas that are weakening.
Credit: ESA/DTU
View full size image

Earth's magnetic field, which protects the planet from huge blasts of deadly solar radiation, has been weakening over the past six months, according to data collected by a European Space Agency (ESA) satellite array called Swarm.

The biggest weak spots in the magnetic field — which extends 370,000 miles (600,000 kilometers) above the planet's surface — have sprung up over the Western Hemisphere, while the field has strengthened over areas like the southern Indian Ocean, according to the magnetometers onboard the Swarm satellites — three separate satellites floating in tandem.

The scientists who conducted the study are still unsure why the magnetic field is weakening, but one likely reason is that Earth's magnetic poles are getting ready to flip, said Rune Floberghagen, the ESA's Swarm mission manager. In fact, the data suggest magnetic north is moving toward Siberia. "

 

The sun’s magnetic field has increased by 230 percent in recent years, according to Dr. Mike Lockwood of Rutherford Appleton National Laboratories.

Earth's magnetic field weakening?

Related?

 

It's important because if the dynamo core of the earth is producing the same energy constantly, but the magnetic field is getting weaker from an outside inhibitor, the unused electrical energy becomes HEAT!
Remember conservation of energy? The formula before you is the first law of thermodynamics, conservation in mathematical form.

 

Remember, the sun isn't the only heat on earth. Geothermal energy is the other source.
Deep oceans getting warmer? Heat rises.
Oceans being warmed from the bottom make more sense than heat migrating from top to bottom!
Talk about surface temperatures being warmer, maybe the floor is heated from below!

 

Back to showing Roman WP and MWP were global.

 

Remember, I posted the source of geothermal heat is also the Sun, acting in concert with the Moon to exert gravitational force producing friction within the Earth. Otherwise this place would be a cold, lifeless piece of rock.

 

Yes you did, Hoyt.

http://www.climatechangedispatch.co...-from-geothermal-heat-not-global-warming.html

No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right;
a single experiment can prove me wrong.
–Albert Einstein

climate change dispatch logo


West Antarctic ice sheet melting from geothermal heat, not global warming

Written by James Edward Kamis, guest post on 05 December 2014.

earthCCD Editor's Note: This is the main extract from contributor James Kamis, geologist, M.S. For the full synopsis and article, see end of article.

According to a recent statement by NASA, West Antarctic glaciers and sea ice are melting due to atmospheric global warming. What NASA fails to mention is that geothermal heat from the West Antarctic rift (part of that area's tectonic plate system) is warming the ocean water, which in turn is causing the ice sheet to gradually melt faster than normal.

This statement, incidentally, coincides with the Climate Conference now gathered in Lima, Peru.

Climate models, however, do not take into account the impacts of plate tectonics on ocean warming, and many current modern weather phenomenon can be directly tied to current geological events: local continental glacial melting, local droughts, local warming ocean, selective polar ice melting, La Nina, and El Nino, etc.

Until recently, vertical segregation of the deep oceans was argued as a reason to not include the deep oceans and deep ocean floor in climate models. This notion has changed in the last few years as observed natural climate variations were difficult to explain based solely on atmospheric models.

All deep ocean phenomena should now be included in climate models because of their powerful effects on ocean temperatures. It strengthens a long-standing contention that geological influences from deep-ocean floor surfaces such as plate junctures, transverse faults, volcanically active areas, etc., should be considered in climate modeling.

Please read this assessment of global warming and plate tectonics published previously for more background information on this important topic.

NASA's latest announcement uses Amundsen Sea Embayment as proof that glacial melting and sea ice retreat is proof of atmospheric global warming. They theorize that slightly warmer seawater is being “channelized” from the ocean laterally underneath the glaciers along a long, topographically low valley that exists beneath the ice.

amundsen sea embayment

NASA contends that this large linear rift valley extends onto the continent and is somehow conveying atmospherically warmed seawater great distances onto the continent. This rift valley, known as the Ferrigno Rift, was discovered under the Ferrigno Ice Stream in "2010 by a team from the British Antarctic Survey and the University of Aberdeen," led by Robert Bingham.

 

Earth's internal heat budget | Wikipedia

 

Why the U.S. East Coast could be a major ‘hotspot’ for rising seas | Washington Post

 

Deep-water ocean circulation may have awakened marine biodiversity climate change | EurekAlert