Depending on your definition, almost every designer has "got it wrong" when selecting the basic dimensions in plenty of rules. Almost all of them got the basic dimensions "wrong" in classes as wide open as 18 Foot Skiffs and early World Cup windsurfers, in classes as tight as the IACC yachts, and in classes as loose as IOR boats and early Frei Renjollen and Square Metre yachts.
The rulemakers also got it "wrong" (in that the designs ended up different to the ones the rule was aiming to create, or unhealthy in some ways) in ORMA 60 tris, IACC boats, Metre boats, Square Metre boats, IOR boats, 18 Foot Skiffs, and many others. For example, in
The Square Meter Class limited Sail Area only. And I suspect the other examples you mention left other huge loopholes. One big potential one in my proposal is that the actual Sail Area is not really limited at all. I can imagine huge square top mains.
Square Metre designs the freedom in the early rules created enormously long and expensive boats with tiny rigs. They were fast only as the rule rated them, not for their cost or length. the 18s ended up with such vast rigs and wings that they were uneconomic.
Given a wider box there's probably more room for "undesirable" designs. You could end up with a (pulling numbers from the air) a 150
foot long cat with an extremely narrow beam and shallow draft.
Do you really think such a boat with its vast WL, ridiculously short rig of, perhaps, 8 m tall (probably would have to be a schooner) would have a fighting chance in a match race against something of more sensible proportions?
It could be a sod to handle, may capsize every fourth race and could be vastly more expensive than a 72 foot cat but if that corner of the box ends up fractionally faster then everyone will have to sail them.
If it capsized every fourth race, how could it possibly win a seven race series? Unless, of course, it did so with little or no damage. And what about tacking duels, that are the meat of match racing. Try out tacking a good sloop with a long schooner, no matter how fast. I believe the America's Cup was finally wrested from the USA by a shorter, probably slower boat that could tack quicker. My proposed rule would be quite disastrous, indeed, if multihulls were excluded. Then you would be right. The winning boat would be very long, maybe not so deep, but would have an incredible ballast/displacement ratio (like the IACC boats predictably ended up with).
Given these facts, it's hard to see that designers could come up with options that would provide good boats and decent racing in an even wider box. Depending on your definition of "decent", I don't think it's ever happened in history.
My proposal is not really a 'wider box'. Actually, it is quite restrictive of the design elements that are known to make a boat fast. One element can be increased only at the expense of decreasing another. As for a 'box rule', I'd imagine I would just fill the box up. I'd carry the Beam as far forward and aft as I could and I would get as much actual Sail Area as I could within the dimensions of the box. I'd end up with a pram like hull with a huge flat top main, maybe even a gaff. (see recent Mini class boats) All this should be quite intuitive to someone willing to start with just the rule and an otherwise clean slate. I imagine that in the earlier phases of a rule (usually inspired by an existing boat) the designers very carefully (timidly) tweak their newer creations, making incremental changes over the existing boat.
The only person who has ever tried to analyse how the amount of design variation in performance affects the health of a racing class was Frank Bethwaite, as far as I know. His article said that too much variance in design creates smaller fleets, but it was a brief piece. However, real life experience shows us that classes in which designs vary too much do give poor racing.
The America's Cup is not what I call an ordinary race. By its nature, it is quite exclusive. Maybe now, too much so. The idea of my proposal is to only make it a bit less so, and to encourage designs that are more likely to be more relevant to ordinary sailors.
I used to race what was possibly the most open class in the history of sailing. It was fun in many ways, completely impractical, and died. The same has happened in just about every sport.
BTW, for some time the AC was sailed in one of the most open rules around. Herreshoff himself wrote a tighter, more restrictive rule to replace it, because he felt that the tighter rule made for better boats and a better sport.
Not surprising. Even robber Barons had their fiscal limits.
IMHO, one design is the only real competitive racing, as the boats are very restricted.
Handicap racing suffers from an incomplete understanding of what makes a boat faster or slower, and/or the fact that such elements are very hard to check, measure, and account for accurately.
The IOR, for example (as much as I know about it) failed to anticipate the value of just plain Beam, even if it's not carried well into to either end of the boat, in a light D/L boat. Especially one well endowed with crew to act as living ballast. It also may have failed to anticipate such boats, with their light D/Ls, surfing or even planing under the right circumstance.
I think 'box rules' are a very good development, because they are quite comprehensive in what they limit and are relatively easy to understand.
Are there any examples of older ones, dating back to the early 20th century?
If my proposed Sum Rule were to exclude multihulls, I would put a fixed limit on the amount of ballast allowed, as well as restrictions on keel design.
Any proposed rule should be vetted for loop holes by an army of 'sea lawyer' designers before ever seeing the light of day.
I challenge you to propose a preliminary design freak to my proposed rule that I can't pick apart.