Wayne, as you say the chine log runs longitudinally, along the joint between two planks and holds them together in glued construction, just like as the glass tape and an epoxy fillet do in a stitch and glue boat. Personally, I might use temporary fasteners to hold the joint together while the glue sets, or permanent fasteners for a heavily loaded flat bottom to reinforce the glue.
The ribs and stringers question is a bit more complicated, there are several reasons why they are used. I used ribs on a strip-built canoe to provide cross-grain support to the strip planking, because I didn't want to go the usual route of glassing inside and out. Ribs and stringers can be used as hard points, to attach engine bearers or rigging for example. I am currently investigating a new method of construction where either ribs or stringers can be used to provide planking support - I haven't decided which way to go yet. They are often used, particularly in traditional designs, to frame the hull before planking.
I would note that adding ribs and/or stringers to an existing monococque hull design could create hard points that might lead to failure under stress. A minor change to a design is one thing, but each designer has his reasons for using them or excluding them, and unless you understand the designer's logic you shouldn't make structural changes.