You need to nail down two concepts at the very get-go. The first is energy density. This is the energy capacity of the "fuel tank", be it a diesel tank, cord wood storage, or batteries, divided by the volume you need to set aside for it. In the case of tanks, they can be molded to make use of odd shapes, but usually you just have a box and have to fit it into a non-box volume in the hull. Batteries need to be taken as a system which includes the battery boxes and interconnects and BMS and charging systems. Batteries take up a lot more space than a diesel tank. You can google charts of energy density for storage systems. A related, and frequently confused idea is specific energy. Specific energy is the capacity divided by the mass of the storage system. Batteries are also worse than diesel in this metric. So decide how much fuel energy you want to have on board, and think about the space in the boat needed to accommodate it. Real estate on boats is expensive. If you have to build a bigger boat to fit the batteries, figure out what an additional sqft of floor space costs you. This is the part that seems to be the hardest to grok for newcomers who are used to electrical energy just flowing out of outlets, without really understanding the comparative values of stored energy systems. This is what you need to research first.
The second concept, which is 100% independent of the first one, is power density. This is the easy part on the surface of things, but there are some subtleties that differ between electrics and ICEs. Again, it is the hp rating divided by the volume set aside for the system. Normally, you would include the diesel and its ancillaries and exhaust and cooling systems. For electrics, you have the motor, controller, and cooling systems. For electrics, these basically scale with amps, so higher voltages yield better numbers. Both diesel and electric scale roughly with 1/rpm, so faster is better. Specific power is the rated power divided by mass.
Establishing the rated hp and energy storage requirements lets you estimate the volumes and weights of different systems. Looking at fitting the components into a general arrangement, you can get a footprint also. Footprints are another challenge batteries face when compared to tanks.
Endurance is just capacity/power. Except this doesn't work because you don't run full throttle all the time. So you need an actual operational envelope that defines how much time is spent at each power level on each sortie. This is where the actual engineering lies. These can't be looked up on the web. They can be absolutely anything. For recreational craft, there really isn't an answer to this. For charter craft or tour boats, you can at least put some bounds on this space. Because this is the fuzziest of the design criteria, we have to build in some slop somewhere. Either less hp or more capacity. Marketing considerations usually eliminates the former. For fast ships, they do have the option of slowing down to conserve fuel. But this is far less effective for slower ships. If you find yourself pushing against a 20 knot headwind coming back from a fishing trip, there is nothing a 10 knot boat can do to reduce fuel consumption. So lower performing vessels require a considerably larger reserve capacity than a quicker vessel. And thus the vicious cycle begins.
Trade offs.
The power densities, specific power, and cost per power performance of diesel and electric are much closer to each other than the energy density, specific energy, and cost per energy performance of the two - electrics being either about an order of magnitude worse or an order of magnitude more expensive. So you want to look at operations that have very low endurance. As jehardiman suggested - minutes, not hours.
Recharging a diesel tank is reasonably straightforward and standardized for small craft. You get between 5 and 10 gallons/minute at the pump, or a couple of tons from a delivery truck if you are a sport fish or tour boat. The delivery process is 100% efficient (you get back everything you paid for). Lets say you have a 50Amp shore connection delivering 220V to your boat. What is the equivalent gpm in diesel? Figure 90% available to the charger, 90% efficiency for the charger, and 90% efficiency for charge uptake in the battery. Can your battery configuration actually absorb this amount of power? Does it have to taper off for last 20%? How long will your battery take to recharge if it replaces the equivalent of 50 gallons of diesel and ends up at 100% charge? The recharging phase of vessel operations is often the limiting factor and overall driver when considering what battery technology to use.
Battery replacement. Look at a simple life cycle cost model that includes the price of fuel, maintenance expenses, and battery replacement in the case of electrics. What I typically find is that the cost to replace the batteries is about the same as the cost to buy an amount of diesel equivalent to the total electrical energy that has passed through the batteries during their useful life. So basically, even if you get the electricity for free, you still pay about the same amount for energy long term.
Look up Ragone charts for an overview of these performance characteristics. They come in different flavors as far as energy density, or specific energy, or endurance-oriented versions. There's no easy way to do this except sit down and design systems that work as a whole, then look at the cost, size, weight, and general arrangement that is required.
The ship resistance parameters that you asked about are the one simple part of this. They can be estimated quite accurately for any given normal shape. But you usually have to supply a weight, so it becomes iterative in the case of electrics because of the weight of the storage (which doesn't change with consumption, making performance more sensitive to it). Most methods are particular to certain classes of ships and speed ranges, but they are all covered. These should be considered minimums or ideals. Wind and waves play an ever increasing role as ships get smaller and slower. Google ship resistance and powering. And there are several charts floating around this site as well.
