You can thru bolt, but you might want to sleeve the core if I am understanding.
The minimum, of course, would be overboring and filling and redrilling thixo.
I hate to mention it, but I am not a fan of using light foam here. I would probably use a minimum of 12# or even use plywood (I doubt you would). I just don't trust 5 pound foam for any odd forces.
Of course, I am just understanding the concept that these will be holding ladders. I am not fully understanding the forces and where a light foam might fail from a 250# person climbing up and putting some odd torque on it.